CubeMX配置入门串口实验1

本文介绍了基于STM32 CubeMX的串口通信实验配置过程。首先展示了串口和GPIO引脚在CubeMX中的配置步骤，包括USART1的启用和LED0输出模式的设置。然后详细讲解了HAL库中串口发送（HAL_UART_Transmit）和接收（HAL_UART_Receive）两个关键函数的参数说明与返回值定义。最后提供了自动生成的main.c文件框架，包含系统时钟配置和外设初始化代码，为后续编写

weixin_46606067

911人浏览 · 2025-05-27 16:53:45

weixin_46606067 · 2025-05-27 16:53:45 发布

串口入门实验1

文章目录

1、CubeMX配置

选LED0，设置为输出模式

2、串口发送接收函数

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)
    
    /*
    1、参数huart：串口句柄的指针
    2、参数pData：指向接收缓冲区的指针
    3、参数Size：要接收数据的数量，以字节为单位
    4、参数Timeout：超时时间，以ms为单位
    5、返回值：返回数据传输的结果（成功还是失败）
            typedef enum 
            {
              HAL_OK       = 0x00U,  	//成功
              HAL_ERROR    = 0x01U,		//接收出错
              HAL_BUSY     = 0x02U,		//串口忙
              HAL_TIMEOUT  = 0x03U		//接收超时
            } HAL_StatusTypeDef;
    
    */

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Transmit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)

	/*
    1、参数huart：串口句柄的指针
    2、参数pData：指向发送数据的指针
    3、参数Size：要发送数据的数量，以字节为单位
    4、参数Timeout：超时时间，以ms为单位
    5、返回值：返回数据传输的结果（成功还是失败）
            typedef enum 
            {
              HAL_OK       = 0x00U,  	//成功
              HAL_ERROR    = 0x01U,		//接收出错
              HAL_BUSY     = 0x02U,		//串口忙
              HAL_TIMEOUT  = 0x03U		//接收超时
            } HAL_StatusTypeDef;
    
    */

3、简单发送，接收数据

编写cubemx生成的代码：

自动生成的main函数：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

简单发送

	uint8_t byte_number = 0x82;
	uint8_t byte_Array[] = {1,2,3,5,9};
	char ch = 'k';
	char *str = "hello world";
	
	//·¢ËÍÒ»¸ö×Ö½Ú
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, &byte_number, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
	//·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÊý×é
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, byte_Array, 5, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
	//·¢ËÍÒ»¸ö×Ö·û
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
	//·¢ËÍÒ»¸ö×Ö·û´®
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)str, strlen(str), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

串口16进制接收

将发送放到while循环里，将一直向串口助手发数：

简单接收

接收到1，灯LED0亮

接收到0，灯LED0灭

		uint8_t rec;
		HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, &rec, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
		if(rec == 1){
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOF, GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		}
		else if(rec == 0){
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOF, GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_SET);
		}