【51单片机】【protues仿真】 基于51单片机测速系统
目录
一、主要功能
1、LCD1602液晶显示时间、里程、速度
2、按键时间、轮胎半径、速度阈值
3、超速蜂鸣器警报
二、使用步骤
本项目包含传感器模块、信号处理电路、51单片机主控单元及显示模块。霍尔传感器或光电编码器安装在电机转轴上，电机转动时传感器会输出脉冲信号。单片机通过外部中断或定时器捕获这些脉冲，根据单位时间内的脉冲数和已知的每转脉冲数计算转速。
三、硬件资源
1、51单片机核心模块
2、按键模块
3、霍尔传感器
4、蜂鸣器模块
5、DS1302时钟芯片
6、LCD1602显示模块
四、软件设计
#include<reg52.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
#include "Data.h"
#include "DS1302.h"
#include "AT24C02.h"
sbit COUNT_IN=P3^2;
//定义1602相关管脚
sbit rs=P1^4;
sbit en=P1^0;
//键盘定义
sbit K1=P3^4; //设置时间
sbit K3=P3^6; //减按键
sbit K2=P3^5; //加按键
sbit K4=P3^7; //设置半径安全距离
sbit BEEP=P3^0;
uint count;
unsigned long Velocity,Mileage;
uchar code tab1[]={" / / : "}; //22/02/10 16:34 3
uchar code tab2[]={" 0.000km 00km/h"}; //000.000km 00km/h
uchar code tab3[]={"Wheel Radius cm"};
uchar code tab4[]={"Safe Speed km/h"};
uchar code tab5[]={"Sec : "};
uchar Mode=0;
uchar bike_set=0;
uchar a;
char RADIUS,SAFE_SPEED;
bit LED_SEC;
uchar before_sec;
//自定义字符
uchar code num[]={
0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,//1
0x1f,0x01,0x01,0x1f,0x10,0x10,0x1f,0x00,//2
0x1f,0x01,0x01,0x1f,0x01,0x01,0x1f,0x00,//3
0x11,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//4
0x1f,0x10,0x10,0x1f,0x01,0x01,0x1f,0x00,//5
0x1f,0x10,0x10,0x1f,0x11,0x11,0x1f,0x00,//6
0x1f,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//7
};
void READS();
void SETS();
void delay(uint x)
{
uint i,j;
for(i=0;i<x;i++)
for(j=0;j<110;j++);
}
void init()
{
IT0=1; //INT0负跳变触发
TMOD=0x01;//定时器工作于方式1
TH0=0x3c; //50ms
TL0=0xb0;
EA=1; //CPU开中断总允许
ET0=1;//开定时中断
EX0=1;//开外部INTO中断
TR0=1;//启动定时
}
/********液晶写入指令函数与写入数据函数，以后可调用**************/
void write_1602com(uchar com)//****液晶写入指令函数****
{
rs=0;//数据/指令选择置为指令
P0=com;//送入数据
delay(1);
en=1;//拉高使能端，为制造有效的下降沿做准备
delay(1);
en=0;//en由高变低，产生下降沿，液晶执行命令
}
void write_1602dat(uchar dat)//***液晶写入数据函数****
{
rs=1;//数据/指令选择置为数据
P0=dat;//送入数据
delay(1);
en=1; //en置高电平，为制造下降沿做准备
delay(1);
en=0; //en由高变低，产生下降沿，液晶执行命令
}
//自定义字符集
void Lcd_ram()
{
uint i,j,k=0,temp=0x40;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
{
write_1602com(temp+j);
write_1602dat(num[k]);
k++;
}
temp=temp+8;
}
}
void lcd_init()//***液晶初始化函数****
{
Lcd_ram();
write_1602com(0x38);//设置液晶工作模式，意思：16*2行显示，5*7点阵，8位数据
write_1602com(0x0c);//开显示不显示光标
write_1602com(0x06);//整屏不移动，光标自动右移
write_1602com(0x01);//清显示
write_1602com(0x80);//显示固定符号从第一行第1个位置之后开始显示
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab1[a]);//向液晶屏写固定符号部分
}
write_1602com(0x80+0x40);//显示固定符号写入位置，从第2个位置后开始显示
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab2[a]);//写显示固定符号
}
}
void display()
{
// 1km/h=100m/0.1h 360s
// 10km/h=100m/0.01h 36s
// 100km/h=100m/0.001h 3.6s
if(Mode==0&&bike_set==0)
{
//读时间
Ds1302_Read_Time();
//显示时间
write_1602com(0x80);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[1]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[1]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+3);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[2]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[2]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+6);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[3]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[3]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+9);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[4]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[4]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+12);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[5]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[5]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+15);
write_1602dat(time_buf1[7]-2);
if(before_sec!=time_buf1[6])
{
before_sec=time_buf1[6];
write_1602com(0x80+11);
write_1602dat(':');
LED_SEC=1;
}
if(LED_SEC==0)
{
write_1602com(0x80+11);
write_1602dat(' ');
}
write_1602com(0x80+0x40);
if(Mileage/1000000==0)
write_1602dat(' ');
else
write_1602dat(0x30+Mileage/1000000);//数字+0x30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
if(Mileage%1000000/100000==0)
write_1602dat(' ');
else
write_1602dat(0x30+Mileage%1000000/100000);//数字+0x30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
write_1602dat(0x30+Mileage%1000000%100000/10000);//数字+0x30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+4);
write_1602dat(0x30+Mileage%1000000%100000%10000/1000);//数字+30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
write_1602dat(0x30+Mileage%1000000%100000%10000%1000/100);//数字+30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
write_1602dat(0x30+Mileage%1000000%100000%10000%1000%100/10);//数字+30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
SETS();
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+10);
write_1602dat(0x30+Velocity/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+Velocity%10);//数字+30得到该数字的LCD1602显示码
}
else if(Mode!=0)
{
switch(Mode)
{
case 1:
write_1602com(0x80+0x40);//显示固定符号写入位置
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab5[a]);//写显示固定符号
}
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+14);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[6]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[6]%10);
write_1602com(0x0F); //打开闪烁
write_1602com(0x80+1);
break;
case 2:
write_1602com(0x80+4);
break;
case 3:
write_1602com(0x80+7);
break;
case 4:
write_1602com(0x80+10);
break;
case 5:
write_1602com(0x80+13);
break;
case 6:
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+15);
break;
case 7:
write_1602com(0x80+15);
break;
case 8:
write_1602com(0x0c);
write_1602com(0x80);//显示固定符号从第一行第1个位置之后开始显示
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab1[a]);//向液晶屏写固定符号部分
}
write_1602com(0x80+0x40);//显示固定符号写入位置，从第2个位置后开始显示
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab2[a]);//写显示固定符号
}
break;
}
}
else if(bike_set!=0)
{
switch(bike_set)
{
case 1:
write_1602com(0x80);//显示固定符号写入位置
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab3[a]);//写显示固定符号
}
write_1602com(0x80+0x40);//显示固定符号写入位置
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab4[a]);//写显示固定符号
}
write_1602com(0x80+12);
write_1602dat(0x30+RADIUS/10); //车轮半径
write_1602dat(0x30+RADIUS%10);
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+10);
write_1602dat(0x30+SAFE_SPEED/10); //安全速度
write_1602dat(0x30+SAFE_SPEED%10);
write_1602com(0x0F); //打开闪烁
write_1602com(0x80+13);
break;
case 2:
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+11);
break;
case 3:
write_1602com(0x0c);
write_1602com(0x80);//显示固定符号从第一行第1个位置之后开始显示
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab1[a]);//向液晶屏写固定符号部分
}
write_1602com(0x80+0x40);//显示固定符号写入位置，从第2个位置后开始显示
for(a=0;a<16;a++)
{
write_1602dat(tab2[a]);//写显示固定符号
}
break;
}
}
}
void KEY()
{
if(bike_set==0&&K1==0)
{
delay(20);
if(bike_set==0&&K1==0)
{
BEEP=0;
delay(50);
BEEP=1;
Mode++;
display();
if(Mode>=8)
{
Mode=0;
Ds1302_Write_Time();
}
}
while(bike_set==0&&K1==0);
}
if(K4==0&&Mode==0)
{
delay(20);
if(K4==0&&Mode==0)
{
BEEP=0;
delay(50);
BEEP=1;
bike_set++;
display();
if(bike_set>=3)
{
bike_set=0;
SETS();
}
}
while(Mode==0&&K4==0);
}
//+
if(K2==0&&(Mode!=0||bike_set!=0))
{
delay(20);
//调时
if(K2==0&&(Mode!=0||bike_set!=0))
{
BEEP=0;
delay(50);
BEEP=1;
switch(Mode)
{
case 1:
time_buf1[1]++;
if(time_buf1[1]>=100)
time_buf1[1]=0;
write_1602com(0x80);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[1]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[1]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+1);
break;
case 2:
time_buf1[2]++;
if(time_buf1[2]>=13)
time_buf1[2]=1;
write_1602com(0x80+3);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[2]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[2]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+4);
break;
case 3:
time_buf1[3]++;
if(time_buf1[3]>=YDay(time_buf1[1],time_buf1[2])+1)
time_buf1[3]=1;
write_1602com(0x80+6);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[3]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[3]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+7);
break;
case 4:
time_buf1[4]++;
if(time_buf1[4]>=24)
time_buf1[4]=0;
write_1602com(0x80+9);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[4]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[4]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+10);
break;
case 5:
time_buf1[5]++;
if(time_buf1[5]>=60)
time_buf1[5]=0;
write_1602com(0x80+12);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[5]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[5]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+13);
break;
case 6:
time_buf1[6]++;
if(time_buf1[6]>=60)
time_buf1[6]=0;
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+14);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[6]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[6]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+15);
break;
case 7:
time_buf1[7]++;
if(time_buf1[7]>=8)
time_buf1[7]=1;
write_1602com(0x80+15);
write_1602dat(time_buf1[7]-1);
write_1602com(0x80+15);
break;
}
switch(bike_set)
{
case 1:
RADIUS++;
if(RADIUS>=71)
RADIUS=0;
write_1602com(0x80+12);
write_1602dat(0x30+RADIUS/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+RADIUS%10);
write_1602com(0x80+13);
break;
case 2:
SAFE_SPEED++;
if(SAFE_SPEED>=100)
SAFE_SPEED=0;
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+10);
write_1602dat(0x30+SAFE_SPEED/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+SAFE_SPEED%10);
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+11);
break;
}
}
while(K2==0);
}
//-
if(K3==0&&(Mode!=0||bike_set!=0))
{
delay(20);
//调时
if(K3==0&&(Mode!=0||bike_set!=0))
{
BEEP=0;
delay(50);
BEEP=1;
switch(Mode)
{
case 1:
time_buf1[1]--;
if(time_buf1[1]<0)
time_buf1[1]=99;
write_1602com(0x80);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[1]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[1]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+1);
break;
case 2:
time_buf1[2]--;
if(time_buf1[2]<=0)
time_buf1[2]=12;
write_1602com(0x80+3);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[2]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[2]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+4);
break;
case 3:
time_buf1[3]--;
if(time_buf1[3]<=0)
time_buf1[3]=YDay(time_buf1[1],time_buf1[2]);
write_1602com(0x80+6);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[3]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[3]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+7);
break;
case 4:
time_buf1[4]--;
if(time_buf1[4]<0)
time_buf1[4]=23;
write_1602com(0x80+9);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[4]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[4]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+10);
break;
case 5:
time_buf1[5]--;
if(time_buf1[5]<0)
time_buf1[5]=59;
write_1602com(0x80+12);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[5]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[5]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+13);
break;
case 6:
time_buf1[6]--;
if(time_buf1[6]<0)
time_buf1[6]=59;
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+14);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[6]/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+time_buf1[6]%10);
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+15);
break;
case 7:
time_buf1[7]--;
if(time_buf1[7]<1)
time_buf1[7]=7;
write_1602com(0x80+15);
write_1602dat(time_buf1[7]-1);
write_1602com(0x80+15);
break;
}
switch(bike_set)
{
case 1:
RADIUS--;
if(RADIUS<0)
RADIUS=70;
write_1602com(0x80+12);
write_1602dat(0x30+RADIUS/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+RADIUS%10);
write_1602com(0x80+13);
break;
case 2:
SAFE_SPEED--;
if(SAFE_SPEED<0)
SAFE_SPEED=99;
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+10);
write_1602dat(0x30+SAFE_SPEED/10);
write_1602dat(0x30+SAFE_SPEED%10);
write_1602com(0x80+0x40+11);
break;
}
}
while(K3==0);
}
if(K2==0&&K3==0&&Mode==0&bike_set==0)
{
BEEP=0;
delay(100);
BEEP=1;
delay(100);
BEEP=0;
delay(100);
BEEP=1;
delay(100);
Mileage=0;
SETS();
while(K2==0&&K3==0);
}
}
void BJ_SAFE()
{
if(Velocity>SAFE_SPEED)
{
BEEP=0;
}
else
{
BEEP=1;
}
}
void main()
{
Ds1302_Init();
lcd_init();
initeeprom();
READS();
init();
lcd_init();
before_sec=time_buf1[6];
while(1)
{
if(Mode==0&&bike_set==0)
{
display();
BJ_SAFE();
}
KEY();
}
}
五、实验现象
演示视频：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dHYyzQEMT/
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dHYyzQEMT/
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